ABOUT THE WITHERSPOON INSTITUTE
The Witherspoon Institute is an independent center that renews culture by fostering the intellectual and moral formation of students, families, and tomorrow’s leaders.
Located in Princeton, New Jersey, the Witherspoon Institute believes that cultural reform begins with the intellectual and moral formation of the human person. To that end, Witherspoon’s programs encourage the formation of individuals who can seek truth, live ethically, and develop genuine intellectual friendship across their differences. Witherspoon facilitates rigorous study of classical intellectual traditions, constructive engagement with contemporary cultural issues, and serious reflection on life’s fundamental philosophical questions. In this way, Witherspoon enables students and cultural leaders to embrace their responsibility as free moral agents to decide how best to lead lives of service and meaning.
Recognizing that culture is formed at different levels, the Witherspoon Institute carries out its mission within three contexts: education, public affairs, and family life. In education, Witherspoon provides academic programming for high school, undergraduate, and graduate students to examine the moral foundations of political, philosophical, and social thought. In public affairs, Witherspoon’s online journal, Public Discourse, publishes daily essays to foster constructive discussions about the five pillars of a decent and dynamic society: respect for the dignity of the human person, the family, the rule of law, the university, and business. Regarding family life, Witherspoon sponsors a grassroots marriage movement, CanaVox, which offers reading groups to friends who support the historical understanding of marriage and human sexuality.
TRUSTEES
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STEPHEN T. WHELAN, ESQ.
CHAIR
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LUIS E. TELLEZ
PRESIDENT
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MARK MULHOLLAND
Treasurer
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BRIAN MOGCK
Secretary
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CRAIG CARDON
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FREDERIC CLARK, ESQ.
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MICHAEL G. CROFTON
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DEBORAH GARWOOD
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BROC HIATT
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MICHAEL MAIBACH
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JOHN M. METZGER, ESQ.
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CORBIN MILLER
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MARK O’BRIEN
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EUGENE J. ZURLO
STEPHEN T. WHELAN, ESQ.
CHAIR
Mr. Whelan is a partner in the New York office of law firm Blank Rome LLP and a lecturer in the Princeton University Politics Department. A graduate of Princeton University and Harvard Law School, he is a member of the Advisory Council of the James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions at Princeton University, a trustee of Fraunces Tavern Museum in Lower Manhattan, and the author of three books on law. He lives in New York City.
LUIS E. TELLEZ
PRESIDENT
Mr. Tellez spent the early part of his career working in the chemical industry, and subsequently spent over twenty years administering several non-profit corporations before becoming president of the Witherspoon Institute in 2003. He is a member of the Advisory Council of the James Madison program in American Ideals and Institutions at Princeton University. Mr. Tellez received a BS and MS in chemical engineering as well as an MBA in Finance from Washington University in St. Louis.
MARK MULHOLLAND
Treasurer
Mark Mulholland, Trustee Mr. Mulholland is President of the Matthew 25 Fund a SEC Registered Investment Company (mutual fund) and theMatthew 25 Management Corp. an investment adviser. Mr. Mulholland has a BA in Economics from Lafayette College and has worked in the Investment Industry since 1983.
BRIAN MOGCK
Secretary
Mr. Mogck is a partner in the New York office of a law firm focusing on complex litigation and government investigations. He holds a J.D. from Columbia Law School, a Ph.D. and M.A. in Philosophy from Emory University, and a B.A. with honors in Philosophy from Hamline University, where he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. He served for five years as a legal expert for the Holy See Mission to the United Nations, focusing on the Rule of Law. He is the author of Writing to Reason (Blackwell), and his recent articles have appeared in The University of Chicago Law Review Online and The New York Law Journal.
CRAIG CARDON
Mr. Cardon received his juris doctorate from Northwestern School of Law, Lewis and Clark College in Portland, Oregon and is licensed to practice law in Arizona. He is an owner and managing partner of the Cardon Hiatt Companies, a private financial, business, and real estate investment firm with holdings throughout the United States. He currently serves on the boards of various private real estate, finance, and petroleum companies. Additionally, he has served and continues to serve on the boards of various community, civic and non-profit organizations.
FREDERIC CLARK, ESQ.
Mr. Clark is President of Pacific Equity Management and Inner-City Scholarship, Inc. Mr. Clark is on the board of the Fellowship of Catholic University Students (FOCUS), Freedom of Conscience Defense Fund, the Patients Rights Council, the Institute on Religion and Public Life, and Thomas More College. He is a volunteer teacher at an inner-city school and runs a scholarship program for inner-city youth. He received his AB from the University of Southern California, his JD from the University of California, Berkeley, and his MBA from Harvard University.
MICHAEL G. CROFTON
Mr. Crofton is President and Chief Executive Officer of the Philadelphia Trust Company. He has served on numerous corporate and eleemosynary boards, including Cyberphone, Inc., and XRT Financial Systems, and was a member of Pennsylvania Governor Tom Ridge’s 1998 Trade Mission to South Africa. Mr. Crofton lectures widely on fiduciary issues and has been interviewed on radio and television.
DEBORAH GARWOOD
Mrs. Garwood graduated from Greenwich High School, Greenwich, Connecticut in 1975. She received her BA from Princeton University in 1979, married William Garwood, Jr., in 1980 and has two children: William, III, and Laura. Debbie lives in Houston, Texas and is currently active in a number of community and philanthropic organizations including St. Anne’s Catholic Church and the Daughters of Liberty.
BROC HIATT
Mr. Hiatt is an owner and managing partner of Cardon Hiatt Companies, a private financial, business, and real estate investment firm with holdings throughout the United States. He currently serves on the boards of various private real estate, finance, and petroleum companies. Mr. Hiatt has been and is a board member of various other national non-profit organizations including The National Organization for Marriage (Princeton, NJ), The Institute for American Values (New York, NY), and The Speranza Foundation (Mesa, AZ). He is involved in The Boy Scouts of America–Grand Canyon Council at an executive level. Mr. Hiatt served a full-time mission for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the Dominican Republic in the early 1980s.
MICHAEL MAIBACH
Mr. Maibach is a seasoned professional in global business diplomacy. From 2003-12 he was the President of the European-American Business Council, after serving for 18 years as the Vice President of Global Government Affairs at the Intel Corporation. Today he is Managing Director of the James Wilson Institute, and a Distinguished Fellow on American Federalism at Save Our States. Mr. Maibach has earned MA degrees from Northern Illinois, Georgetown, Ashland, and the Institute of World Politics where he is a Trustee. He speaks at schools and before civic groups often in defense of the Founders’ Constitution and the Electoral College.
JOHN M. METZGER, ESQ.
Mr. Metzger is a lawyer. Educated at Harvard College, New York University School of Law, and the London School of Economics, he has served on the New Jersey Economic Development Council and is a contributor of articles to professional journals. He is the author of The Hand and the Road: The Life and Times of John A. Mackay (Westminster John Knox Press, 2010).
CORBIN MILLER
Mr. Miller is a private investor. He began his career with J.P. Morgan in 1972, and left in 1977 to join Wm. Sword & Co. in Princeton. He later spent over ten years with the British merchant bank Schroders in New York, where he led the firm’s leveraged buyout and venture capital activities as Senior VP and COO of J. Henry Schroder Banking Corporation. Mr. Miller subsequently helped to found and was President of Lombard North America, a private equity fund in San Francisco. Mr. Miller holds an A.B. in Public and International Affairs from Princeton University. He was previously a director of the Metropolitan Opera Guild, where he was chairman of the investment committee. Mr. Miller resides in Manhattan with his wife of 35 years, the former Kathryn Anderson.
MARK O’BRIEN
Mr. O’Brien is the President and Chief Executive Officer of O’Brien, Greene and Company, and a lecturer in the Politics Department at Princeton University. A graduate of Princeton University’s History Department, he received an MBA in Finance and an MA in Liberal Arts from the University of Pennsylvania. He is author of two books in the field of business and is a contributor to business and general interest magazines.
EUGENE J. ZURLO
Mr. Zurlo is the Chairman of the Zurlo Investment Trust.
FELLOWS AND SCHOLARS
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HELEN M. ALVARÉ
Senior Fellow
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GERARD V. BRADLEY
Senior Fellow
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THOMAS D. D’ANDREA
Senior Fellow
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THOMAS F. FARR
Senior Fellow
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ROBERT P. GEORGE
Herbert W. Vaughan Senior Fellow
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SHERIF GIRGIS
Research Scholar
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CHEN GUANGCHENG
Distinguished Senior Fellow in Human Rights
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JOHN HALDANE
Senior Fellow
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KEVIN JACKSON
Senior Fellow
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HAROLD JAMES
Senior Fellow
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WILLIAM H. JEYNES
Senior Fellow
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BYRON JOHNSON
Senior Fellow
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JOSHUA T. KATZ
Senior Fellow
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ROBERT C. KOONS
Senior Fellow
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JOHN LONDREGAN
Senior Fellow
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DANIEL MARK
Fellow
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MARGARITA MOONEY SUAREZ
Fellow
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MICHAEL NEW
Fellow
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ANA SAMUEL
Research Scholar
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DAVID SPERLING
Fellow
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JAMES R. STONER, JR.
Senior Fellow
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CHRISTOPHER O. TOLLEFSEN
Senior Fellow
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DAVID L. TUBBS
Senior Fellow
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GRAHAM WALKER
Senior Research Scholar
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BRADFORD P. WILSON
Senior Research Fellow
HELEN M. ALVARÉ
Senior Fellow
Helen M. Alvaré is a Professor of Law at the Antonin Scalia Law School at George Mason University, where she teaches Family Law, Law and Religion, and Property Law. She publishes on matters concerning marriage, parenting, non-marital households, abortion, and the First Amendment religion clauses. She is faculty advisor to the law school’s Civil Rights Law Journal and the Latina/o Law Students Association, a member of Pope Francis’s Dicastery for Laity, Family and Life (Vatican City), a board member of Catholic Relief Services, an advisor to the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops (Washington, D.C.), and a consultant for ABC News. She cooperates with the Permanent Observer Mission of the Holy See to the United Nations as a speaker and a delegate to various United Nations conferences concerning women and the family.
GERARD V. BRADLEY
Senior Fellow
Gerard V. Bradley is Professor of Law at the University of Notre Dame, where he teaches Constitutional Law. At Notre Dame he directs (with John Finnis) the Natural Law Institute. He co-edited The American Journal of Jurisprudence, an international forum for legal philosophy, form 1996 – 2019. Bradley has been a Visiting Fellow at the Hoover Institution of Stanford University and, in 2009, was Visiting Professor of Politics at Princeton University.
Bradley is on the International Advisory Board of Campion College, Parametta, AU. He served for many years as President of the Fellowship of Catholic Scholars.
Bradley received his B.A and J.D. degrees from Cornell University, graduating Summa cum laude from the law school in 1980. After serving in the Trial Division of the Manhattan District Attorney’s Office he joined the law faculty at the University of Illinois. He moved to Notre Dame in 1992. Bradley has published more than one hundred and fifty scholarly articles and reviews. His most recent books, both published in 2019, are Catholic Social Teaching: A Collection of Scholarly Essays, which he edited with Christian Brugger (Cambridge University Press), and Unquiet Americans: U.S. Catholics, Moral Truth, and the Preservation of our Civil Liberties (Saint Augustine’s Press).
Bradley is currently working on a book about regulating obscenity in the Internet Age.
THOMAS D. D’ANDREA
Senior Fellow
Thomas D. D’Andrea is a Fellow at Wolfson College, Cambridge, UK, and Director of the Institute for the Study of Philosophy, Politics, and Religion (ISPPR). In 2001 he was a Visiting Fellow at the James Madison Program of Princeton University, and he has lectured with the Politics Department at Princeton and in the Department of Moral Philosophy at the University of St. Andrews. His research interests include the moral and political thought of the Aristotelian tradition. He has published articles and reviews in ancient philosophy, medieval philosophy, ethics, and the philosophy of religion. He received his PhD in Philosophy from the University of Notre Dame.
THOMAS F. FARR
Senior Fellow
Thomas Farr is President of the Religious Freedom Institute. A leading authority on international religious freedom, Dr. Farr served for 28 years in the U.S. Army and the U.S. Foreign Service. In 1999 he became the founding director of the State Department’s Office of International Religious Freedom (IRF). He subsequently directed the Witherspoon Institute’s IRF Task Force, was a member of the Chicago World Affairs Council’s Task Force on Religion and Foreign Policy, taught at the National Defense University, and served on the Secretary of State’s IRF working group. From 2007 – 2018, Dr. Farr was Associate Professor of the Practice of Religion and International Affairs at Georgetown University. He also directed Georgetown’s Religious Freedom Project, the precursor to the Religious Freedom Institute. A PhD in History from the University of North Carolina, Farr is senior fellow at Baylor University’s Institute for Studies of Religion, a consultant to the U.S. Catholic Bishops Conference, and a member of the International Advisory Council for Alliance Defending Freedom. His many published works include World of Faith and Freedom: Why International Religious Liberty is Vital to American National Security (Oxford University Press).
ROBERT P. GEORGE
Herbert W. Vaughan Senior Fellow
Robert P. George is the Herbert W. Vaughan Senior Fellow of the Witherspoon Institute. He is McCormick Professor of Jurisprudence and Director of the James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions at Princeton University. He is frequently a Visiting Professor at Harvard Law School.
Professor George has served as Chairman of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom. He has also been a presidential appointee to the United States Commission on Civil Rights and a member of the President’s Council on Bioethics. He is a former Judicial Fellow at the Supreme Court of the United States, where he received the Justice Tom C. Clark Award. He has also served on UNESCO’s World Commission on the Ethics of Scientific Knowledge and Technology (COMEST), of which he continues to be a corresponding member.
Professor George is the author or co-author of seven books and the editor of several more. His articles and review essays have appeared in the Harvard Law Review, the Yale Law Journal, the Columbia Law Review, the University of Chicago Law Review, the Review of Politics, the Review of Metaphysics, and the American Journal of Jurisprudence. He is a frequent contributor to Public Discourse and to First Things magazine, where he is a member of the editorial advisory board, and has also written for the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, National Review, Touchstone, the Boston Review, City Journal, and the Times Literary Supplement.
Among his awards and prizes are the Presidential Citizens Medal, the Honorific Medal for the Defense of Human Rights of the Republic of Poland, the Canterbury Medal of the Becket Fund for Religious Liberty, the Bradley Prize for Intellectual and Civic Achievement, the Philip Merrill Award of the American Council of Trustees and Alumni, the Sidney Hook Award of the National Association of Scholars, the Paul Bator Award of the Federalist Society for Law and Public Policy, a Silver Gavel Award of the American Bar Association, the Irving Kristol Award of the American Enterprise Institute, and Princeton University’s President’s Award for Distinguished Teaching. He has given the John Dewey Lecture in Philosophy of Law at Harvard, the Guido Calabresi Lecture in Law and Religion at Yale, the Sir Malcolm Knox Lecture in Philosophy at the University of St. Andrews, the Elizabeth Anscombe Lecture in Bioethics at Oxford University, and the Frank Irvine Lecture in Law at Cornell University.
Professor George serves on the boards of directors of the Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation, the Ethics and Public Policy Center, the Becket Fund for Religious Liberty, the Institute on Religion and Democracy, the Heritage Foundation, and the Center for Individual Rights. He serves on editorial boards of the American Journal of Jurisprudence, the Journal of American Political Thought, the Journal of International Biotechnology Law, and Touchstone and First Things magazines. Professor George is general editor of New Forum Books, a Princeton University Press series of interdisciplinary works in law, culture, and politics.
In addition to his academic work, he is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and serves as Of Counsel to the law firm of Robinson and McElwee.
A graduate of Swarthmore College, Professor George holds the degrees of M.T.S. and J.D. from Harvard University and the degrees of D.Phil., B.C.L., D.C.L., and D.Litt from Oxford University. He was elected to Phi Beta Kappa at Swarthmore, and received a Knox Fellowship from Harvard for graduate study in law and philosophy at Oxford. He holds twenty-one honorary degrees, including doctorates of law, letters, ethics, science, divinity, civil law, humane letters, and juridical science.
SHERIF GIRGIS
Research Scholar
Sherif Girgis earned his JD at Yale Law School and is a PhD candidate in philosophy at Princeton University.
CHEN GUANGCHENG
Distinguished Senior Fellow in Human Rights
Chen Guangcheng is Distinguished Senior Fellow in Human Rights at the William E. and Carol G. Simon Center on Religion and the Constitution. He is also a member of the the faculty of the Institute for Policy Research and Catholic Studies at the Catholic University of America and Senior Distinguished Advisor to the Lantos Foundation for Human Rights and Justice.
Mr. Chen is a Chinese civil rights lawyer and activist who has been a persistent voice for freedom, human dignity, and the rule of law in his native country. Working in rural communities in China, where he was known as the “barefoot lawyer,” Chen advocated the rights of disabled people, and organized class-action litigation against the government’s violent enforcement of its one-child policy. Blind since his childhood, Chen is self-taught in the law. His human rights activism resulted in his imprisonment by the Chinese government for four years and three months, beginning in 2006; after his release he remained under house arrest, until his escape from confinement in 2012, whereupon he came to the United States where he was a fellow at NYU School of Law in 2012-13.
JOHN HALDANE
Senior Fellow
John Haldane is a Professor in the Department of Moral Philosophy at the University of St. Andrews, Scotland, where he is also the Director of the Centre for Ethics, Philosophy, and Public Affairs. His research interests include central issues in philosophy of mind; the history of philosophy; theoretical and normative issues in social and political philosophy, ethics, and aesthetics; and artistic, educational, and theological issues approached through the methods of those disciplines rather than through philosophy. Haldane has received numerous awards and grants, as well as fellowships from the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge, Aberdeen, Edinburgh, and Pittsburgh. Recent publications of his include Reasonable Faith (Routledge, 2010), Practical Philosophy (Imprint Academic, 2009), The Church and the World (Gracewing, 2008), and Seeking Meaning and Making Sense (Imprint Academic, 2008). Haldane has served as an editor of several academic journals and has also written numerous articles for such journals. Prior to his career in academic philosophy he studied and taught art, and he continues to contribute to the study of art and art history. Haldane completed both his bachelor’s degree (1980) and his doctorate (1984) in philosophy at the University of London.
KEVIN JACKSON
Senior Fellow
Kevin Jackson, J.D., Ph.D., is Professor of Law and Ethics at the Gabelli School of Business, Fordham University, in New York City. Professor Jackson has served on the faculties of Université Libre de Bruxelles, Georgetown University, Princeton University, École des Ponts (Paris), and Peking University (China). Dr. Jackson is a Senior Fellow at The Witherspoon Institute in Princeton, and a Fellow of the European SPES Institute, Leuven, Belgium. He has authored several books, including Virtuosity in Business (University of Pennsylvania Press), Building Reputational Capital (Oxford University Press), , Charting Global Responsibilities: Legal Philosophy and Human Rights (University Press of America), and publishes scholarly articles in top-tier academic journals. Much loved by students for his interactive and high-energy teaching style, he performs and composes classical and jazz music.
HAROLD JAMES
Senior Fellow
Harold James, the Claude and Lore Kelly Professor in European Studies at Princeton University, is Professor of History and International Affairs at the Woodrow Wilson School, and Director of the Program in Contemporary European Politics and Society. He studies economic and financial history, business history, and modern European history.
After graduating from Cambridge University, he was a Fellow of Peterhouse before going to Princeton in 1986. He writes a monthly column for Project Syndicate.
His books include a study of the interwar depression in Germany, The German Slump (1986); an analysis of the changing character of national identity in Germany, A German Identity 1770-1990 (1989); International Monetary Cooperation Since Bretton Woods (1996), and the widely translated The End of Globalization (2001). He was also coauthor of a history of Deutsche Bank (1995), which won the Financial Times Global Business Book Award in 1996. His most recent books include The Creation and Destruction of Value: The Globalization Cycle, 2009; Making the European Monetary Union, 2012; The Euro and the Battle of Economic Ideas (with Markus K. Brunnermeier and Jean-Pierre Landau), 2016.
WILLIAM H. JEYNES
Senior Fellow
William H. Jeynes is a Professor of Education at California State University, Long Beach. He has more than 175 academic publications, including 110+ articles, 16 books, and 49 book chapters. His articles have appeared in journals published by Columbia University, Harvard University (two Harvard journals), the University of Chicago, Cambridge University, University of Notre Dame, the London School of Economics, and other prestigious academic journals.
He is a well-known public speaker having spoken in 49 states in the country and in every inhabited continent. He has spoken for the White House, the US Department of Justice, the US Department of Education, the US Department of Health & Human Services, the National Press Club, UN delegates, members of Congress, the Acting President of South Korea, Harvard University, Cambridge University, Oxford University, Columbia University, Duke University, University of Notre Dame, Peking University, Moscow State University, and many other well-known universities. He has spoken for both the G. W. Bush and Obama administrations and interacted with each of these presidents. He has also spoken for former members of the Clinton administration.
He has been a consultant for the U.S., the E.U., the U.N., and several G20 governments. His four-point plan presented to the Acting President of South Korea became the core of that nation’s 1998 economic stimulus legislation, which helped it emerge from the greatest Asian economic crisis since World War II. Jeynes has been interviewed by the London Times, the Los Angeles Times, the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post,U.S. News & World Report, the Associated Press and many other major newspapers and media outlets. His work has been cited and quoted numerous times by the U.S. Congress, the British Parliament, the EU, and many State Supreme Courts from across the United States. Jeynes has worked with and spoken for the Harvard Family Research Project. He received the “Distinguished Scholar Award” from the California State Senate and the California State Assembly. He was given the “Distinguished Achievement Award” from an arm of the American Educational Research Association. Dr. Jeynes wrote the no. 1 and no. 2 all-time most cited articles in the over half-century history of the journal Urban Education. He also wrote the no. 1 all-time most cited article in the 50-year history of the journal Education & Urban Society. He periodically writes columns in the Orange County Register, the nation’s 14th largest newspaper. Dr. Jeynes also gained admission in Who’s Who in the World for the last 11 consecutive years. He holds graduate degrees from Harvard University and the University of Chicago.
BYRON JOHNSON
Senior Fellow
Byron Johnson is Distinguished Professor of the Social Sciences at Baylor University. He is the founding director of the Baylor Institute for Studies of Religion (ISR) as well as director of the Program on Prosocial Behavior. He is a leading authority on the scientific study of religion, the efficacy of faith-based organizations, and criminal justice. Recent publications have examined the impact of faith-based programs on recidivism reduction and prisoner reentry. Before joining the faculty at Baylor University, Johnson directed research centers at Vanderbilt University and the University of Pennsylvania. He has been the principal investigator on grants from private foundations as well as the Department of Justice, Department of Labor, Department of Defense, National Institutes of Health, and the United States Institute for Peace. He is the author of more than 200 articles and a number of books including More God, Less Crime: Why Faith Matters and How it Could Matter More (2011), The Angola Prison Seminary: Effects of Faith-Based Ministry on Identity Transformation, Desistance, and Rehabilitation (2016), and The Quest for Purpose: The Collegiate Search for a Meaningful Life (2017). He was the 2013 Big Brother of the Year for Texas Lone Star.
JOSHUA T. KATZ
Senior Fellow
Joshua T. Katz has taught at Princeton University since 1998, where he is Cotsen Professor in the Humanities and Professor of Classics. A linguist by training (B.A. Yale, M.Phil. Oxford, Ph.D. Harvard) and comparative philologist at heart, he has received numerous prizes for his scholarship and pedagogy, including the President’s Award for Distinguished Teaching (Princeton, 2003), a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship (2010), and one of two inaugural Dorothy Tarrant Fellowships (Institute of Classical Studies, School of Advanced Study, University of London, 2018); he has also held visiting professorships in Paris and Berlin. In addition to his many publications on the languages, literatures, and cultures of the ancient and medieval world from India to Ireland via Greece, Rome, and the Near East, he finds himself wading every more into contemporary hot-button sociopolitical issues. Recent contributions have appeared in First Things, Law & Liberty, the National Review, the New Criterion, Public Discourse, Quillette, the Spectator, and the Wall Street Journal. Named a Hero of Intellectual Freedom by the American Council of Trustees and Alumni in 2020, he is the Chair of the Academic Committee for the John & Daria Barry Scholarships and a Trustee of the Canterbury Institute.
ROBERT C. KOONS
Senior Fellow
Robert C. Koons is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Texas at Austin where he has been since 1987. His areas of specialization include metaphysics and epistemology, philosophical logic and philosophy of mathematics, and philosophy of religion. He is currently working on the logic of causation and the metaphysics of life and the mind. He holds bachelor’s degrees in philosophy from Michigan State University and in philosophy and theology from Oxford University. He holds a doctorate in philosophy from UCLA.
JOHN LONDREGAN
Senior Fellow
John Londregan, Professor of Politics at Princeton University, is a specialist in the development of democracy and political and economic freedom. He has worked in the areas of American politics and the politics of Latin America. He has particular expertise in the application of statistical methods to politics and has extensively analyzed Chilean legislative and electoral politics since the transition from the Pinochet dictatorship to democracy. He has also done a valuable analysis of voting and compromises by the American founders at the constitutional convention of 1787. Londregan is a contributor to numerous journals and edited volumes. He received the Miller Prize for Best Paper in Political Analysis, Vol. 8 in 2000.
DANIEL MARK
Fellow
Daniel Mark is an assistant professor of political science at Villanova University. He served for four years on the nine-member, bipartisan US Commission on International Religious Freedom, most recently as chairman. He was appointed to the commission by then-Speaker of the House John Boehner in May, 2014, and reappointed in May, 2016, by Speaker Paul Ryan.
At Villanova, Dr. Mark is a faculty associate of the Ryan Center for the Study of Free Institutions and the Public Good, and he holds the rank of battalion professor in Villanova’s Navy Reserve Officers’ Training Corps unit.
Dr. Mark is a fellow of the Witherspoon Institute in Princeton, NJ, and an affiliated scholar of the James Wilson Institute on Natural Rights and the American Founding in Washington, DC. He also works with the Tikvah Fund in New York. Dr. Mark is a member: of the board of directors of the Jewish Coalition for Religious Liberty; of the advisory council of CanaVox; and of the board of advisors of the Blackstone and Burke Center for Law and Liberty at Faulker University’s Thomas Goode Jones School of Law.
Before graduate school, Dr. Mark spent four years as a high school teacher in New York City.
MARGARITA MOONEY SUAREZ
Fellow
Margarita Mooney Suarez is Associate Professor of Congregational Studies in the Department of Practical Theology at Princeton Theological Seminary. She earned her MA and PhD in sociology from Princeton University, and her BA in psychology at Yale University. She has also been on the faculty of Yale University, Princeton University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Pepperdine University. At Princeton Theological Seminary, she teaches classes such as philosophy of social science, Christianity and the liberals arts tradition, aesthetics, research methods for congregational leaders, intentional communities, and sociology of religion. Her research has received approximately $3 million in funding from the John Templeton Foundation.
Margarita’s most recent book with Cluny Media, The Love of Learning: Seven Dialogues on the Liberal Arts (2021), grew out of her decades of experience as a teacher and scholar. Her book Faith Makes Us Live: Surviving and Thriving in the Haitian Diaspora (University of California Press, 2009) demonstrated how religious communities support the successful adaptation of Haitian immigrants in the U.S., Canada and France, and she’s the co-author (with Camille Z. Charles, Mary S. Fischer, and Douglas S. Massey) of Taming the River: Negotiating the Academic, Financial, and Social Currents in Selective Colleges and Universities (Princeton University Press, 2009).
In addition to her scholarly books and articles, Professor Mooney Suarez has written for publications that reach wide audiences both inside and outside academia such as Real Clear Policy, Scientific American, The Chronicle of Higher Education, The Miami Herald, Plough Magazine, America Magazine, First Things, Hedgehog Review, Public Discourse, Church Life Journal and the National Catholic Register. Professor Mooney Suarez is a frequent speaker to women’s organizations, think tanks, schools, church groups and a variety of other nonprofits as well as businesses about faith and values. Her research has been cited by David Brooks in the New York Times, and she has been interviewed by organizations such as the Duke Divinity School and the Institute for Humane Studies.
Professor Mooney Suarez founded Scala Foundation in 2016 and continues to serve as Scala’s Executive Director. Scala’s mission is to infuse meaning and purpose into American education by restoring a classical liberal arts education. At Scala’s conferences, reading groups, seminars, webinars, student trips, intellectual retreats, and intensive summer program, Scala equips students, writers, artists, intellectuals and teachers with the ideas and networks needed to revitalize culture.
MICHAEL NEW
Fellow
Michael New is a Visiting Assistant Professor of Political Science and Social Research at The Busch School off Business at The Catholic University of America (CUA). Prior to coming to CUA, Professor New held full time faculty positions at Ave Maria University, The University of Michigan – Dearborn, and The University of Alabama. Dr. New also served as a post-doctoral fellow at the Harvard-MIT data center. His research interests include the social science of sanctity of life issues. Dr. New frequently writes about abortion trends, the impact of pro-life laws, public attitudes toward abortion and the effect of contraception programs. He received his PhD in Political Science and Masters Degree in Statistics from Stanford University.
ANA SAMUEL
Research Scholar
Ana Samuel, Ph.D is a graduate of Princeton University and The University of Notre Dame, where she completed doctoral work on the political theory and sexual ethics of Montesquieu. She was the first executive director of the Witherspoon Institute at its foundation in 2003, and subsequently transitioned to a research and teaching role in 2010, focusing on projects about family structure studies. She edited No Differences? How Children in Same-Sex Households Fare and directed the development of the Family Structures Studies website. In 2013, she helped to launch CanaVox, a marriage and sexual-integrity movement that promotes reading and discussion groups around the world to inform discerning men and women with up-to-date research drawn from the social sciences, natural-law reasoning and personal stories. Every summer, she enjoys teaching the dialogues of Plato and Aristotle’s moral philosophy to high school students for the Witherspoon Institute’s summer seminars.
DAVID SPERLING
Fellow
David Sperling is currently Research Professor in the Institute of Public Policy and Governance of Strathmore University in Nairobi, Kenya. Before joining Strathmore, he taught in the Department of History of the University of Nairobi. He has been a Visiting Fellow at the Harry Truman Institute, Hebrew University of Jerusalem and at the Institute for Social and Policy Studies, Yale University. His current research interests relate to governance in the public sector of developing countries. He is the founding Director of the Utawala Applied Research Institute which undertakes extensive research on the governance practices of sub-national governments and on the impact of law on development in Africa. Dr. Sperling received his BA from Yale University, his MA from Harvard, and his PhD from the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. He is a naturalized Kenya citizen.
JAMES R. STONER, JR.
Senior Fellow
James R. Stoner, Jr. is the Hermann Moyse, Jr., Professor and Director of the Eric Voegelin Institute in the Department of Political Science at Louisiana State University. He is the author of Common-Law Liberty: Rethinking American Constitutionalism (Kansas, 2003) and Common Law and Liberal Theory: Coke, Hobbes, and the Origins of American Constitutionalism (Kansas, 1992), and co-editor of The Political Thought of the Civil War (Kansas 2018), with Alan Levine and Thomas W. Merrill, and three books published by the Witherspoon Institute: The Thriving Society: On the Social Conditions of Human Flourishing (2015), with Harold James; The Social Costs of Pornography: A Collection of Papers (2010), with Donna M. Hughes; and Rethinking Business Management: Examining the Foundations of Business Education (2008), with Samuel Gregg. He earned his A.B. from Middlebury College and his M.A. and Ph.D. from Harvard University and has been a visiting professor and fellow in the James Madison Program at Princeton University.
CHRISTOPHER O. TOLLEFSEN
Senior Fellow
Christopher O. Tollefsen is Professor of Philosophy at the University of South Carolina. His areas of specialization include moral philosophy and practical ethics. Currently he is doing work in natural law ethics, liberal perfectionism, medical ethics, the ethics and politics of inquiry, philosophical embryology, the nature of human action, end of life issues, and ethics and education. He has published extensively in academic journals on topics of bioethics, meta-ethics, and the New Natural Law Theory. A graduate of Saint Anselm College in New Hampshire, he holds a doctorate in philosophy from Emory University.
DAVID L. TUBBS
Senior Fellow
David L. Tubbs is an Associate Professor of Politics at The King’s College in New York City, where he has been teaching since 2005. He was previously Visiting Faculty Fellow at Irkutsk State University in Irkutsk, Russia, and the W.H. Brady Visiting Fellow at the American Enterprise Institute. In 2017-18, he was the James Madison Program’s Ann and Herbert W. Vaughan Visiting Fellow. His scholarship focuses on topics in constitutional law, political theory, and public policy. He is the author of Freedom’s Orphans (Princeton University Press, 2007), and several scholarly articles, including a 2018 article written with Jacqueline S. Smith in the Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy on the regulation of pornography under the Constitution. His shorter articles and reviews have appeared in publications such as the Wall Street Journal, Los Angeles Times, First Things, City Journal, The New Criterion, The American Spectator, and Public Discourse. He received his Ph.D. in Politics from Princeton University in 2001.
GRAHAM WALKER
Senior Research Scholar
Graham Walker is Executive Director of the Independent Institute in Oakland, California. He has served as a faculty member at the University of Pennsylvania and The Catholic University of America, as an NEH Fellow and Olin Fellow at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, and more recently as Academic Vice President of Oklahoma Wesleyan University and President of Patrick Henry College. He earned the PhD from the University of Notre Dame (Indiana) and the Diplôme from the Graduate Institute of International Studies (Switzerland).
BRADFORD P. WILSON
Senior Research Fellow
Bradford P. Wilson is Executive Director, Outgoing, of the James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions, Lecturer in Politics, and Faculty Fellow of Butler College at Princeton University. His interests include American constitutional law, American political thought, and Western political thought. Wilson is the author of Enforcing the Fourth Amendment: A Jurisprudential History and co-editor of three books: American Political Parties & Constitutional Politics, Separation of Powers and Good Government, and The Supreme Court and American Constitutionalism. He is also the editor of The Constitutional Legacy of William H. Rehnquist(link is external), published in 2015 by West Academic Publishing. He has coedited a two-volume edition of The Political Writings of Alexander Hamilton(link is external), published by Cambridge University Press in November 2017. His writings have appeared in the Review of Metaphysics, the American Political Science Review, Academic Questions, and law reviews, and as chapters in edited volumes. Wilson has served as President of the Association for the Study of Free Institutions since 2006. He was a Fulbright Senior Scholar at Moscow State University and Moscow’s International Juridical Institute in 1994-95, and, from 1984 to 1987, served as Research Associate to two Chief Justices of the United States, Warren E. Burger and William H. Rehnquist. From 1996 to 2004, he served as Acting President and then Executive Director of the National Association of Scholars and was Editor of the journal Academic Questions. He has been an editor of Interpretation: A Journal of Political Philosophy since 1982. He received his B.A. from North Carolina State University, his M.A. from Northern Illinois University, and his Ph.D. in Politics from The Catholic University of America.
Photo courtesy of Sameer Khan/Fotobuddy.
IN MEMORIAM
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JEAN BETHKE ELSHTAIN
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DANIEL N. ROBINSON
JEAN BETHKE ELSHTAIN
Professor Elshtain (1941-2013) was the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Professor of Social and Political Ethics at the University of Chicago and the Thomas and Dorothy Leavy Chair in the Foundations of American Freedom at Georgetown University.
DANIEL N. ROBINSON
Daniel N. Robinson (1937-2018) was Distinguished Professor, Emeritus, Georgetown University and Fellow and Associate Faculty member of Oxford University’s Faculty of Philosophy. He was Adjunct Fellow of Linacre College, Oxford. His areas of principal interest were philosophy of mind, intellectual history, moral philosophy and philosophy of law.
WITHERSPOON STAFF
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LUIS E. TELLEZ
President
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R. J. SNELL, PHD
Director of Academic Programs
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KELLY M. HANLON
Director of Operations
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JOHN F. DOHERTY
Director of Finance
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APRIL READLINGER
CanaVox
Executive Director -
ANA SAMUEL, PHD
CanaVox
Academic Director -
JAMIE BOULDING, PHD
Associate Director of Programs and Development
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ALEXANDRA DAVIS
Public Discourse Managing Editor
LUIS E. TELLEZ
President
Mr. Tellez spent the early part of his career working in the chemical industry, and subsequently spent over twenty years administering several non-profit corporations before becoming president of the Witherspoon Institute in 2003. He is a member of the Advisory Council of the James Madison program in American Ideals and Institutions at Princeton University. Mr. Tellez received a BS and MS in chemical engineering as well as an MBA in Finance from Washington University in St. Louis.
R. J. SNELL, PHD
Director of Academic Programs
R. J. Snell is Director of Academic Programs. Prior to his appointment at the Witherspoon Institute, he was for many years Professor of Philosophy and Director of the Philosophy Program at Eastern University and the Templeton Honors College, where he founded and directed the Agora Institute for Civic Virtue and the Common Good.
KELLY M. HANLON
Director of Operations
For nearly twenty years, Kelly Hanlon has directed programming, operations, strategy, and development in industries as diverse as K12 and higher education, economics and finance, music, community organizations, religious institutions, and the environment. Hanlon has extensive experience in the start-up space for both non-profits and for-profits. She has founded or advised more than a dozen entrepreneurial entities. In her role as Director of Operations for the Witherspoon Institute, Hanlon works across the organization to ensure it can effectively carry out its mission.
Hanlon earned her undergraduate degree in politics and psychology as a McConnell Scholar at the University of Louisville before pursuing graduate work in economics at the University of Delaware, where she wrote extensively about fiscal and monetary policy in the aftermath of the Great Depression.
An experienced board member, Hanlon currently serves in an advisory capacity to the following organizations: the Human Flourishing Program (Harvard); the Penn Initiative for the Study of Markets (Penn); the Aquinas Institute for Catholic Life (Princeton); the Center for Statesmanship, Law, and Liberty (RIT); and, the McConnell Center (Louisville).
She lives in southeastern Pennsylvania and originally hails from the bluegrass state. In her free time, she enjoys hiking with her husband, young children, and hounds.
JOHN F. DOHERTY
Director of Finance
Mr. Doherty holds an AB in History from Princeton University.
APRIL READLINGER
CanaVox - Executive Director
April Readlinger has a B.A. in Economics and a B.S. in Communications from Boston University, and a law degree from Tulane Law School. Prior to joining CanaVox, April worked as an attorney in New York, where she focused on International Litigation, and before that she spent eight years working in the federal courts in New Orleans. As Executive Director of CanaVox, April is responsible for managing all aspects of CanaVox’s reading group program, as well as creating and implementing new opportunities to move the organization into the future. She ensures that the many functioning parts of the group are operating in harmony to better accomplish CanaVox’s mission.
ANA SAMUEL, PHD
CanaVox - Academic Director
Ana Samuel, Ph.D is a graduate of Princeton University and The University of Notre Dame, where she completed doctoral work on the political theory and sexual ethics of Montesquieu. She was the first executive director of the Witherspoon Institute at its foundation in 2003, and subsequently transitioned to a research and teaching role in 2010, focusing on projects about family structure studies. She edited No Differences? How Children in Same-Sex Households Fare and directed the development of the Family Structures Studies website. In 2013, she helped to launch CanaVox, which promotes the natural law view of marriage and sexuality in reading groups around the world. Every summer, she enjoys teaching the dialogues of Plato and Aristotle’s moral philosophy to high school students for the Witherspoon Institute’s summer seminars.
JAMIE BOULDING, PHD
Jamie Boulding is Associate Director of Programs and Development. He holds a Ph.D. in Theology and Science from the University of Cambridge and he is the author of The Multiverse and Participatory Metaphysics (Routledge, 2022). He lives in the Princeton area with his wife and three daughters.
ALEXANDRA DAVIS
Alexandra Davis is the managing editor of Public Discourse. An attorney by trade, she previously worked as a ghostwriter and content consultant for legal industry leaders and has co-authored and edited numerous whitepapers, long-form articles, and books for her clients. Her own writings have appeared in Verily, Plough Quarterly, The Federalist, and others, and she writes on Substack. She lives in Raleigh, North Carolina with her husband and two young boys.
JOHN WITHERSPOON
The Institute is named for John Witherspoon, a leading member of the Continental Congress, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, the sixth president of Princeton University, and a mentor to James Madison, the fourth president of the United States of America. As important as these credentials and his other accomplishments are, however, it is Witherspoon’s commitment to liberal education and republican government that inspires the Institute’s name.
Minister in the Church of Scotland
Witherspoon’s Scottish family formed him as an orthodox Calvinist, and his deep religious convictions would ultimately given rise to his vocation as a minister. His father, James Witherspoon, a man having no fewer talents than his son, acted as one of King George II’s chaplains in the parish of Yester, near Edinburgh, Scotland. The relation of his mother, Anne Walker, to John Knox also linked him to the Reformed tradition. After earning a degree at the University of Edinburgh, which was fermenting with Calvinist and British liberal ideas, Witherspoon became a Church of Scotland minister at the age of twenty-one. He then married Elizabeth Montgomery, with whom he would have ten children.
His ministry would be one of his driving concerns for his entire life, and the raging debates that then divided the Church of Scotland lent urgency to his convictions. Some thought that the Church should focus on the abstract rights of the personal conscience, while others fought for a communal focus on the enduring reality of universal laws. Witherspoon fought for the latter notion and became a leading spokesman for the evangelical Populist Party. His satire Ecclesiastical Characteristics and other religious writings garnered for him an honorary doctorate from the University of St. Andrews. Yet his popularity did not arise from his writings alone. Although so unyielding a Calvinist as to win the monikers “Scotch Granite” and “John Knox redivivus,” Witherspoon was a solemn and graceful preacher so gifted with memory that he did not take notes into the pulpit.
Even after traveling to America to accept his post as president of the College of New Jersey, Witherspoon advanced the cause of the Gospel, for he wanted to cause the knowledge of God to cover the earth as the waters cover the seas. He strengthened the College’s programs in English and rhetoric so that it might be better at educating clergy. He helped to unite the different Church of Scotland groups into the Presbyterian Church of the U.S.A., whose first General Assembly he moderated in 1785. It was this assembly that provided the church with a confession, a catechism, and laws of governance.
“The knowledge of God and his truths have from the beginning of the world been chiefly, if not entirely confined to those parts of the earth where some degree of liberty and political justice were to be seen, and great were the difficulties with which they had to struggle, from the imperfection of human society, and the unjust decisions of usurped authority.”
– John Witherspoon: The Dominion of Providence Over the Passions of Men – May, 1776
President of the College of New Jersey (Princeton University)
Despite his numerous accomplishments in ministry, Witherspoon was no mere preacher. He served as the College’s sixth president, heavily revising its curriculum and building up its resources. Upon his arrival in 1768, he found many of the students ill-prepared for university studies. Witherspoon’s consultations with friends of the College followed, as well as a visit to the College of William and Mary, where his itinerant preaching would reap a contingent of southern students for the College. With only two or three tutors to help, Witherspoon himself undertook the teaching in moral philosophy, divinity, rhetoric, history, and French, believing that the Christian liberal arts could guide a student to virtue. The College benefited from three hundred more books, the lecture format for classes, and the appointment of a professor of mathematics and natural philosophy. Not least, with Witherspoon arrived the ideas of the Scottish Enlightenment, including John Locke’s conceptions of the liberty and natural rights of man and the notion of representative democracy.
Educator of Revolutionaries
Witherspoon sought to form students for ministry, farming, and public affairs alike. He introduced them to Locke and Berkeley, along with classical philosophers and other Enlightenment thinkers, but some of the most inspiring ideas he taught were those he himself held. He did not conceive of truth as abstract and ethereal but argued that it inheres in the concrete reality of the natural world. For him, faith and reason never clashed but converged and, joined to a common sense philosophy, helped to guide a life of virtue.
These ideas, along with Witherspoon’s conception of a just government, inspired many men. Under his tutelage would be formed twelve future Continental Congress members, forty-nine U.S. representatives, twenty-eight senators, three Supreme Court justices, and a secretary of state. Foremost among them was James Madison, who learned of the English dissenting tradition while he attended the College. Under Witherspoon’s direction, Madison also came to hold a view of human nature that emphasized both human dignity and human depravity; this understanding would later inform The Federalist. Witherspoon warned him of the evils of a tyrannical society ruled by demagogues and introduced him to the idea of a government of checks and balances. Madison also learned the lesson of prudence and the importance of admitting mistakes. Most fundamentally, nonetheless, Madison came to think that the state–when governed not merely by the will of the majority but by the higher authorities of natural and divine law–may support the life of virtue.
In addition to educating revolutionaries, Witherspoon himself was one. He signed the Declaration of Independence and participated in the Continental Congress. He saw that British policy conflicted with British liberty as expressed by the constitutional limitations of the Magna Carta, and he fought for that liberty, winning the respect of his colleagues through his own exercise of prudence.
Conclusion
Witherspoon’s many callings made his seventy-one years very rich ones. While he served his people as a statesman, professor, and minister, he also devoted himself to his wife, children, and farming. In his later years, he continued to organize and unite the Presbyterian church and served as a member of the convention that ratified the Constitution. As he proclaimed to a congregation in New Jersey in 1776, “I beseech you to make a wise improvement of the present threatening aspect of public affairs and to remember that your duty to God, to your country, to your families, and to yourselves, is the same.” Witherspoon embodied his words by fulfilling the many duties of his different callings while striving for a unified and ordered life.